山东省新泰市第二中学 古智清
一、在定义从句中，“介词+关系代词”中的介词取舍，要遵循以下三个原则：
1．根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配；
Is that the teacher to whom you handed your paper? 那就是你们交给论文的老师吗？
2．根据先行词的固定搭配；
I don’t believe the reason for which he was absent from the meeting. 我不相信他缺席会议的理由。
3．表示“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时，用介词of。
The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days. 环球旅行花费了这老水手九个月的时间，其中航海时间为226天。
二、“介词+关系代词”的结构拓展：
1．“介词+关系代词”除后面加句子引导定语从句外，还可直接接不定式作定语，相当于一个定语从句。如:
He has saved another thousand dollars with which to support his family.
=He has saved another thousand dollars with which he could support his family. 他又攒了一千块钱，用这些钱他可以养活他的家庭。
注：在这种结构中，若把介词移至句尾，whom和which必须省略。比较：
I have found a room in which to put my things. (正)
I have found a room which to put my things in. (误)
I have found a room to put my things in. (正)
2．“介词+关系代词”还可以在前面加上名词(代词或数词)构成“名词(代词或数词)+of whom”和“名词(代词或数词)+of which”的结构。
注：在此结构中，名词前一定要加定冠词the。如：
①The river, the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea. 这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。
②The old couple has two sons, both of whom work as teachers. 这老两口有两个儿子都是教师。
③In Barcelona, the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, 12 of which were won by women. 在巴赛罗那奥运会上，中国队赢得了16块金牌，其中12块是女子获得的。
以上三个句子结构，也可换成“of which(whom)+名词(代词或数词)”结构，而且在第一个句子中还可以换成whose。
所以以下三个句子意思相同：
①The river, the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
=The river, of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
=The river, whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
以下两句意思是一样的：
②The old couple has two sons, both of whom work as teachers.
=The old couple has two sons, of whom both work as teachers.
③In Barcelona, the Chinese team got 16 gold medals,12 of which were won by women.
=In Barcelona, the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.
分析上面例子，可以发现of which这种结构中前面的词若不是名词而是数词或不定代词时不可改成 whose。再如：
There are six members in our club, every one of whom has different opinions. (不可说成whose every one)
It now has 20,000 hectares of lands, more than two-thirds of which are covered with water. (不可说成whose two-thirds)
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